The Protective Combat Uniform (PCU) system is an advanced cold weather layering system developed for US Special Forces. Created in 2001 by Natick Army Labs with input from professional mountaineers, the PCU system consists of synthetic, breathable, quick-drying layers capable of sustaining warfighters in temperatures as low as -50 degrees Fahrenheit.
History and Development
The PCU system was developed in response to the challenges faced by US soldiers operating in extreme cold weather conditions. The system is designed to promote quick drying over staying dry, acknowledging that wetness is inevitable whether from external sources or internal perspiration.
PCU System Overview
The PCU system is broken into seven levels, each serving a specific purpose in the layering process. The system also adapts to different activity levels (active missions vs. static positions) and various temperature ranges.
Layering Guide
Temperature Range: Wet and Above 45°F
Active Missions
- Level 1: Base layer (non-dry fit t-shirt)
- Level 4: Wind shirt
- Camis: Any top/bottom with at least 50% nylon
Static Positions
- Level 1: Base layer
- Level 4: Wind shirt
- Level 6: Gore-Tex top and bottom
Temperature Range: 45-30°F
Active Missions
- Level 1: Base layer
- Level 5: Soft shells
Static Positions
- Level 1: Base layer
- Level 3: Mid-layer fleece
- Level 6: Gore-Tex top and bottom
Temperature Range: 30-0°F
Active Missions
- Level 1: Base layer
- Level 2: Waffle top
- Level 5: Soft shells
Static Positions
- Level 1: Base layer
- Level 3: Mid-layer fleece
- Level 6: Gore-Tex top and bottom
- Level 7: High-loft insulation
Temperature Range: 0 to -50°F
Active Missions
- Level 1: Base layer
- Level 2: Waffle top
- Level 7A: Vest (for core warmth)
Static Positions
- All Layers: Including Level 7 type 2 monster parka for maximum insulation.
Detailed Layer Descriptions
Base Layers (Level 1)
- Purpose: Wicks moisture away from the skin to prevent cooling.
- Items: Non-dry fit t-shirts and long sleeves.
Waffle Top (Level 2)
- Purpose: Provides additional insulation and breathability.
- Items: Grid fleece with mesh in between for moisture control.
Mid-layer Fleece (Level 3)
- Purpose: Acts as an insulating layer inside the system.
- Items: Fleece jackets or pullovers.
Wind Shirt (Level 4)
- Purpose: Windproof and water-resistant layer for high activity levels.
- Items: Lightweight, packable wind shirts.
Soft Shells (Level 5)
- Purpose: Breathable, wind, and water-resistant layers.
- Items: Soft shell jackets and pants with mechanical venting zippers.
Gore-Tex (Level 6)
- Purpose: Provides high-level waterproofing for static operations.
- Items: Gore-Tex jackets and pants.
High-loft Insulation (Level 7)
- Purpose: Traps body heat and promotes drying.
- Items: High-loft jackets, pants, and parkas.
Practical Tips for Effective Layering
Hydration
- Tip: Use a parka for your water bottle to prevent freezing.
Packability
- Tip: PCU layers are highly packable, allowing room for other essential gear.
General Tips
- Tip: Avoid over-layering to prevent excessive sweating, which can lead to rapid cooling.
- Tip: Adjust layers based on personal comfort and activity level.
Conclusion
The PCU system provides a versatile and effective cold weather layering solution. By understanding how to use each layer and adapting to your specific needs, you can optimize your performance and safety in extreme conditions. Practice and personal testing are crucial to mastering the system and ensuring you are prepared for any situation.
Summary
- Introduction: Overview of the PCU system and its development for US Special Forces.
- Visual Guide Explanation: Breakdown of the visual guide for active and static missions across four temperature ranges.
- Simplified Terminology: Introduction of the seven levels of the PCU system for easier understanding.
- History and Development: Background on the PCU system’s development, involving professional mountaineers.
- Wet and Above 45°F (Active): Recommended layers for high activity in wet conditions above 45°F, including Level 1 base layer, Level 4 wind shirt, and Camis.
- Wet and Above 45°F (Static): Adding Level 6 Gore-Tex top and bottom for static positions in the same temperature range.
- 30-45°F (Active): Layers for active missions in cold and wet conditions, including Level 1 base layers and Level 5 soft shells.
- 30-45°F (Static): Adding more insulation with Level 3 high-loft fleece and Level 6 Gore-Tex for static positions.
- 0-30°F (Active): Recommended layers for active missions in cold conditions, including Level 1 base layers, Level 2 waffle top, and Level 5 soft shells.
- 0 to -50°F (Static): Full layering for extreme cold static positions, including all layers up to Level 7 high-loft insulation and Level 7 type 2 monster parka.